Written by Gabriela Estrada

It's common to hear bilingual people describe their language proficiency levels using letters and numbers, such as B2, B1, A2, etc. What's less common is for them to know who sets these standards and why they measure proficiency in a second language.

This is where the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) comes into play—the “universal translator” that organizes language learning worldwide. This system is responsible for assigning the corresponding letters and numbers to each level. However, it is not the only standard-setting body. Elsewhere, there are equivalents such as Canada’s CLB.

If you're planning to study, work, or travel abroad, it's important to understand how these reference scales work so you won't get confused by their terminology when completing your paperwork.

Read to the end and learn about the importance of the CEFR and how it is implemented in Canada, a bilingual country that assesses its two official languages using the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) for English and the Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC) for French. 

The Importance of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

The CEFR is the international standard that defines language proficiency. It is used worldwide to objectively assess how well a person can speak, read, write, and listen to a foreign language.

Thanks to this framework, the level of English or French in Mexico is the same as in France or Canada.

The CEFR divides language learning into three main categories:

• Block A (Basic User)
• A1: Can use very basic phrases.
• A2: Can discuss everyday topics.
• Block B (Independent User)
• B1: Can travel and describe experiences.
• B2: This is the standard for the workplace. You can understand the main ideas in complex texts and speak fluently.
• Block C (Proficient User)
• C1: Excellent command of the language in professional and academic contexts.
• C2: Has complete mastery of the language, comparable to that of an educated native speaker.

The CEFR groups users by proficiency levels, from beginner to advanced, to establish a single, global standard. 

Canadian CLB Scale: How Does It Compare to the CEFR?

In Canada, a specific reference framework called Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB/NCLC), or Canadian Language Benchmarks. Unlike the letters used in the CEFR (A1–C2), the Canadian government measures language proficiency using 12 progressive levels focused on the ability to perform practical tasks in real-life and workplace settings.

To understand how these two scales translate when applying for a job, to a university, or for immigration purposes, the key equivalencies are as follows for both English and French:

• CLB 4 corresponds to level A2 (Basic User): It enables you to have simple conversations and engage in basic everyday interactions.
• CLB 7 is equivalent to a B2 level (Independent User): This is the goal for most professionals, as it demonstrates the fluency needed to work in technical or corporate settings.
• CLB 9 is equivalent to a C1 level (Proficient User): It represents advanced professional and academic proficiency. It is the key level in immigration processes, as it grants the maximum score in permanent residency programs.

Reach a level CLB 9 or higher (CLB 9+) confirms that you have advanced language skills. This will facilitate your social and professional integration in Canada, accelerating your path to permanent residence and even citizenship.

How and Why to Get a Language Certification

Demonstrating fluency in an informal conversation or a job interview isn't always enough. Recruiters, universities, and immigration authorities require an official certification that validates your exact level according to these reference frameworks.

This is the true purpose of an official exam: to translate your language skills into the language of the CEFR or the Canadian CLB. Tests such as the IELTS, CELPIP, TEF, or TCF assess each area of the language and assign a standardized score. That score determines your equivalence on the corresponding scale and transparently demonstrates that you have the required level to study, work, or live in your destination country.

Ultimately, certification serves as official proof to international institutions that you can communicate effectively in your new environment.

Recommendations Before Certifying the Language

Before getting your language certified, you should be absolutely certain that the level is relevant to your goals. Think about the value of certifying a B1 level if most companies require a B2 or international universities require higher levels.

Preparing to improve your proficiency is key to certification, but even more important is knowing which tests you’ll need to take. For example, do you need to take the IELTS, CELPIP, or TEF/TCF?

These exams have specific formats that you need to get used to before taking them officially, since they have different time limits and dynamics than a conventional exam. Not being aware of this can lead to poor time management or confusion when answering questions.

Learn with us

On Planeta Immiland Education , we have a team of teachers who can provide you with the best possible preparation—both for speaking English and French and for understanding how the official certification required by authorities and companies works.

We offer preparation courses to help you achieve the score you need on tests such as the IELTS, CELPIP, TEF/TCF, and others.

For us, learning a language means preparing you to communicate with confidence, connect with people from different cultures, and take advantage of the opportunities that arise in an increasingly globalized world.

That's why we offer programs designed to support you at every stage of your journey:

• English and French courses.
• Preparation for international exams.
• Programs focused on academic and immigration goals.
• Conversation activities to build your confidence in real-life situations.

Visit our online academy and discover which program is right for you: Planeta Immiland Education.

I hope this topic helps you understand the language reference frameworks and when to distinguish between the CEFR and the CLB if you decide to obtain certification for administrative purposes in Canada.

If you found this article interesting, share it with anyone who dreams of traveling, studying, working, or simply connecting with people from Canada and anywhere else in the world.

With love,

Planeta Immiland Education